File Permission in Linux (Ubuntu)

In Linux, giving file permission is very important for your company's work. It helps you know the people that have access to a particular file when there is an issue or upgrade. It also makes accountability easy. It makes work easy to track.

File permission is distinguished into 3 access. which are

  1. Read (r): this permits a user to read the content. It allows directories to list their content.
  2. Write (w): it permits modification (create and delete) of files.
  3. Execute (x): it permits the execution of files. It makes directories access to files inside. r - 4 w - 2 x - 1

There is an individual right to file permission. Let us discuss who these individuals are

  1. u: this is the owner of an object. The owner has ability to write, read, and execute. i.e 421 =7
  2. g: group to which an object belongs
  3. o: all other users
  4. a: all users (u+g+o)

Anyone can be given access to any file at a particular time. Access can also be changed by using


This chmod helps to set user that owns the file

```chmod 777 file name

gives ability to all users


```chmod u+r, g+x file name

The above give user ability to read and group ability to execute. It goes on like that.

```chmod 750 file name

Owner has full permission; group has read and execute permission while others have 0 permission

Do not forget to switch to root by using the below command if your permission is denied


```sudo su